17-3+USH

Abby Regan 5/16/12 USHCP Mr. Masterson

Key Terms: Fascist Party: Political party founded in Italy in the 1920s who believed that a military-dominated govt. should control all aspects of society. Blackshirts: Followers of Benito Mussolini who gained power in Italy in the early 1920s. Nazi Party: National socialist party; which was a political group led by Adolf Hitler that rose to power in Germany in the 1930s. Totalitarian State: A country where the govt. had complete control. Brownshirts: Nazi storm troopers. Anti-Semitism: Hatred of the Jews. Kristallnacht: "The night of broken glass"; this was when the Nazis burned down Jewish synagogues and destroyed Jewish businesses, 11/9/38. Popular Front: An international alliance of organizations united against fascism.

Key People: Benito Mussolini: The founder of the Fascist party in 1921. Joseph Stalin: The leader of the Soviet Union after the leader of the Bolsheviks, Vladimir Lenin. Francisco Franco: A leader who took those who felt threatened by the reforms under his wings.

Summary:

Mussolini in Italy
 * Many Italians felt that they had not benefited from the Treaty of Versailles because many veterans were unable to find jobs, so they joined the Italian communist party, who urged the peasants to take over the land.
 * Mussolini destroyed the Communist party and rose to power by founding the Fascist party and occupying the city of Rome.
 * Mussolini was appointed Prime minister, restricted basic rights such as freedom of speech, as well as occupying Ethiopia, and the US cut off business ties to both countries.
 * African Americans tried to help Ethiopia, but pressure from the US govt. forced Ethiopia to turn down the offer.

Stalin in the Soviet Union
 * Once the leader of the Bolsheviks died, there was a battle for power, which Stalin won using underhanded tactics and planning assassination of his enemies.
 * In 1927 the govt. began taking control of privately owned lands and making them into state-run farms, and those who opposed this were sent to labor camps.
 * Stalin used the Red Army to impose his power and used them to get rid of all resistance.

Hitler In Germany
 * Hitler's book, Mein Kampf, laid out his plans to fix Germany up.

The Third Reich
 * Hitler's govt, the Third Reich (Third empire) made it so that non-nazis and Jews couldn't be a part of the govt, and outlawed strikes, and made military service mandatory.
 * Hitler rearmed his country in order to strengthen the economy and reduce unemployment, even though it was against the Treaty of Versailles.
 * In March 1936, Germany overran Austria, and tried to get Czechoslovakia to give Germany a part of their country, Sudetenland, and they refused.

Anti Semitism
 * In 1935 Hitler established the Nuremberg Laws, which made it so Jews couldn't be German citizens and authorized destruction of Jewish property.
 * Some Jews fled the country or went abroad, but the majority of them had no place to go, and the US didn't really encourage Jewish migration at this point.

Franco in Spain
 * During the 1930s, Spain had a govt. which limited the military and called for equal rights, but conservative military men felt threatened and joined Franco in attempt to overthrow the govt.
 * After three years, Franco took control of Spain with the help of Germany and Italy, but the US didn't want to help oppose them because they didn't want to be draw into another World War.
 * The Americans who joined the fight against fascism joined the Popular Front, and Stalin said that fascism wasn't "compatible" with totalitarian govts.
 * After the Spanish Civil War, many of the Spanish were upset because the countries in the west didn't help them.

Militarists in Japan
 * Military leaders in Japan wanted to decrease reliance on foreign imports, and encourage the country's expansion.
 * The creation of the Japanese Empire gave Japan control over territories that produced valuable resources, and militarism appealed to many because the economy in Japan was bad.
 * Japan went to war with China, gained control of northern China, and wasn't stopped from expanding, although they were condemmed by the League of Nations and the US