2-3+USH

Abby Regan 9/15/11 USHCP Mr. Masterson

Key Terms: Manifest Destiny: The belief that God intended America to be expanded westward to the Pacific Ocean. Texas Revolution: The rebellion of the Texans against restrictions placed on American immigration. Mexican Cession: Included the lands of California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. Popular Sovereignty: The idea that the settlers in each new territory would vote on whether or not to premit slavery. The Compromise of 1850: Proposed by Henry Clay, this made it so that California was a free state, and New Mexico would be divided into two territories, and the residents of each territory would decide whether to allow slavery. It also outlawed the slave trade in DC (but not slavery itself), but passed the Fugitive slave laws. Kansas-Nebraska Act: This stated that the new territories would be organized based on popular sovereignty. Dred Scott Decision: The Court ruled that Dred Scott wasn't a citizen and therefore couldn't bring cases to the court. They also said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because the federal govt. couldn't take slavees away from their masters. Confederate States of America: The southern states that wanted to secede from the United States.

Key People: Juan Seguin: Faced descrimination, even though he fought the Mexican govt, and for a time served as San Antonio's mayor. Was accused of being loyal to Mexico. Harriet Beecher Stowe: Wrote //Uncle Tom's Cabin.// Stephen Douglas: Introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act. John Brown: An abolitionist who murdered five pro-slavery men, and sparked violence across the country due to enraged southerners and shocked northerners. Abraham Lincoln: Won the presidental election of 1860, republican. Summary:

The Southwest
 * John L. O'Sullivan came up with the manifest destiny, which appealed to many Americans that wanted less population pressures, more markets, and more farmland.

Texas
 * Mexico restricted American immigration to Texas, which angered the Americans, therefore, a war began, and the Texans won.
 * Texans encouraged Eurpoean settlers to come because it would expand the population, native Mexican-Americans were often dscrimated against.

The Mexican War
 * James K. Polk, the current president, wanted to make Texas part of the United States, which the Mexicans strongly opposed.
 * Dring the Mexican War, the Americans gained control of California and New Mexico, and eventually won the war.
 * The United States paid $15 million for the Mexican Cession lands.

The Lure of the West
 * When gold was discovered in California, millions of people settled there to get it.
 * Mining camps, which were dirty, unorganized, and dangerous, were set up to accomidate immigrants.
 * New immigrants were greedy and discouraged the Spanish, the Chinese, and the Natives from having their share of the gold.
 * Population in th Pacific northwest grew as more people traveled on the Oregon Trail to populate Oregon and other northwestern counties.
 * American Indians helped out by selling food and maing peace with the settlers.

Slavery's Expansion
 * In 1845 texas became a slave state as it was below the border of the Missouri Compromise.

The Slavery Debate in Congress
 * Some senators thought that new territories should rely on popular sovereignty.
 * The Free Soil party didn' want slavery in new states, thus causing a massive debate in Congress.

Reactions to the Compromise
 * The Compromise didn't satisfy all Americans, but Fred Pierce became president by assuring both the northerns and the southerners that he shared both views.
 * //Uncle Tom's Cabin// convinced many northerners that slavery was morally wrong and should not be allowed.

Trouble In Kansas
 * The Kansas-Nebraska act caused many disputes with the antislavery forces against the pro-slavery forces.
 * Violence got worse in Kansas.

On the Brink of War
 * The Antislavery force became attracted to the Republican party.
 * Dred Scott sued in court for freedom, and stated that since he lived in a free state, Illinois, he should be allowed freedom.
 * This made abolitionists very upset.
 * The southern states wanted to secede from the US, andargued that they joined the Union voluntarily, so they also had a right to not be a part of it anymore.