12-5

Khmer Empire: An empire that ruled in what is now Cambodia that influenced Chinese culture. Angkor Wat: A famous city-temple complex. Koryu Dynasty: A dynasty that influenced Korean culture founded by wang Kon.
 * Abby Regan**
 * WHCP**
 * 12-5**
 * Key Words:**

None __//**Summary:**//__
 * Key People:**
 * Kingdoms of Southeast Asia**
 * There were many civilizations that left "monuments of lasting beauty".


 * Geography of Southeast Asia**
 * Southeast China consists of two main parts: Indochina, the penninsula that borders China to the north and India to the west, and the Islands, which include Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.
 * The valleys, hills and mountains made communication difficult, but over time a number of people settled in the area.
 * Often times, the key to political power is control over trade routes and harbors. There are two important waterways that connect two seas, the strait of Malacca, and the Sundra strait.


 * Influence of India and China**
 * Indian merchant ships and Hindu and Buddhist missionaries came over and strongly influenced the culture of India.
 * China's culture spread through migration and trade, as well as the fact that China also controlled some parts of southeast Asia, either through direct ruling or demanding tribute.


 * The Khmer Empire**
 * In what is now Cambodia, the Khmer empire ruled for centuries, and took control of the neighboring kingdoms.
 * The Khmer built advanced irrigation systems and waterways, which helped them become wealthy by producing three or four rice crops in areas that could normally only produce one.
 * The Khmer also built city-temple complexes such as the Angkor Wat, a huge structure that is an observatory.


 * Island Trading Kingdoms**
 * The Sailendra, who ruled the island of Java, left behind a magnificent Buddhist temple that reflects strong Indian influences.
 * The island empire of Srivijaya, which ended the Sailendra, ruloed the strait of Malacca and other wates around the islands. They made money by taxing the trade that passed through their waters.


 * Dai Viet**
 * In 100 BC, the vietnamese fell under control of China, but they managed to break away when the Tang Dynasty weakened in AD 900.
 * The Chinese influenced the Vietnamese with their ideas about government and Buddhism but they sitll had their own identity. They let women have more freedom than the other nations.
 * The Ly Dynasty (1009-1225) established a strong central government, encouraged trade and agriculture and greatly improved road and river transportation.


 * Korean Dynasties**
 * There are two legends that reflect two sides of Korean culture: they are a distinct people with their own ideas and traditions, but they are also influenced by China.


 * Geography of Korea**
 * Korea is a pennisula that juts out into the Pacific Ocean, and it's very hot in the summer and cold in the winter. The mountains and seas that surround Korea isolated it from it's neighbors.


 * Early History**
 * In 108 BC, when the Han empire conquered Korea, they learned many things from them including centralized government, Confucianism, Buddhism, and writing. Eventaully the Silla kicked the Chinese out and took control of Korea.
 * Under the Silla rule, there were lots of Buddhist monastaries built, and lots of "elegant sculptures". They also developed a writing system that used Chinese characters.


 * The Koryu Dynasty**
 * When the Silla rule weakened, a rebel officer named Wang Kon became king and called his empire Koryu.
 * The Koryu Dynasty established it's central government to be like China's, and they made a civil service system. There was also a clear divide between the aristocrats the the rest of the society.
 * When the Mongols came into Korea, they demanded a huge tribute including 20,000 horses, clothing for 1 million soldiers, and many children and artisains who were to become slaves. Lucky the Mongols died out in the 1360s.
 * In 1392, a group of scholary officials overthrew the Koryu dynasty and made land reforms. They called their dynasty the Choson, or Yi.


 * Koryu Culture**
 * They Koryu Dynasty influenced the culture of Korea, especially with art. Artists produced much-admired cceladon pottery and thousands of wooden blocks for printing all the Buddhist sciptures.