USH+2-2

Abby Regan 9/8/11 USHCP Mr. Masterson

Key Terms: Nationalism: Patriotic feeling, public support for independence from another country Monroe Doctrine: This stated that the USA would oppose any attempt from countries in Europe to regain former Latin American colonies or make new ones. American System: This system would make stronger taxes to help and stimulate industrial development. Missouri Compromise: This stated that Maine would be a free state while Missouri would be a slave state, and no slavery was allowed north of Missouri's southern boundary. Democratic Party: Followers of Jackson. Trail of Tears: The trail from the Indians homeland to Indian territory, and some 4,000 Cherokee died on the march. Strike: The refusal to work until employers met the needs of the unions. Nativism: Favoring people who were born in America over people who were born in different countries. Cotton Gin: An invention from Eli Whitney that made it easier to remove cotton seeds. Underground Railroad: A "network" made up of both whites and African Americans that helped escaped slaves reach the north. Second Great Awakening: A renewed and powerful interest in religion. Senecca Falls Convention: the nation's first women's rights convention where the Delcaration of Sentiments was signed, which asked for many legal reforms, such as voting rights for women.

Key People: Henry Clay: Suggested the American System Plan Andrew Jackson: Helped win the war of 1812, a "man of the people", the 7th president of the US. Harriet Tubman: The most famous and successful "conductor" of the underground railroad. Dorothea Dix: Started a crusade to help the mentally ill and made over 100 hospitals across the nation. Frederick Douglass: An escaped slave who gave speeches about his life and won many supporters. Sojourner Truth: A woman who was a former slave. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Organized the Senecca Falls Convention. Susan B. Anthony: A women who campaigned for property rights for women.

Summary:

Building a Young Nation:
 * 1816-Congress tried to help economy by passing a tax (tardif) on imported goods.

Foreign Policy
 * To make sure prosperity continued, President James Monroe tried to limit the nation's conflict with other countries.
 * Most of Spain's Latin American colonies declared independence by 1820s.

The Transportation Revolution
 * States began making roads and canals, newly developed steamboats, and locomotives.
 * In 1824 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution gave the US Congress control of interstate commerce.

The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy:
 * More white men gained suffrage in western states, helping Andrew Jackson win the presidential election of 1828.
 * Jackson changed politics in such a way that America went from an aristocratic society to a society based on individual efforts and economic success.

Jackson's American Indian Policy
 * Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, forcing natives to relocate to Oklahoma.
 * Most Indians didn't move willingly.

State's Rights and Economic Woes
 * A tariff was passed on certain import items, which upset Southerners, and the govt. eventually lowered the tariff.
 * When Jackson weakened govt control over the banking system, lots of banks were unable to meet people's needs to exchange paper money for gold and silver.

Northern and Southern Society
 * North became less dependent on agriculture, slavery grew in the south.

The Industrial North
 * Manufacturing shifted to machine powered production rather than making goods by hand.
 * Improvements to the plow and the invention of the mechanized reaper made farm work easier for northerners.
 * Worsening industrial conditions led to the creation of unions who promoted higher wages and shorter work days.
 * The labor force grew in the 1830s as more and more immigrants settled in the US.
 * Native people didn't like immigrants because they didn't seem like productive citizens.

The Cotton Kingdom
 * The southerners became the "Cotton Kingdom" when the cotton gin was invented.
 * The wealthy slave-holders dominated the South's society, economy, and politics.
 * Although there were many free African Americans, they had no rights.

The Slave System
 * Most southerner's point of view on slavery was that it was the only way to make sure there was enough workers in the field.
 * Slaves spent their free time with their families and communities in order to keep the culture going.
 * Slaves constantly protested their living conditions and the way they were treated.
 * Slaves often protested by working slowly or faking illnesses, or tried to escape to the free north.

The Second Great Awakening and Social Reform
 * Many people, particularly African Americans and women, went to church.
 * Many people who participate in the Second Great Awakening tried to solve social problems, such as alcoholism.
 * Reformers wanted to improve education and establish more schools.
 * Reformers also wanted to create and improve places for disadvantaged people.
 * Some reformers seeked fair treatment ofor all people.

The Fight to End Slavery
 * Most northern states had abolished slavery in the early 1800s, and some abolitionists set up a colony for freed African American Slaves in Liberia.
 * In 1833 white abolitionists and African Americans set up the first anti-slavery organization.
 * Women also had a big role in this anti-slavery society.
 * Southerners opposed this movement because they knew that they wouldn't have many workers on the farms, and some northerners feared that this movement would increase job compotition.

The Fight For Women's Rights
 * In the 1840s many women began to fight for their rights.
 * Responding to women's rights petitions, married women in New york were allowed to own property.